According to the National Safety Council, OSHA regularly cites several companies each year for violations of its foot protection standards, with approximately 200,000 workers experiencing foot or toe injuries annually.

Commonly reported injuries include:

• Crushing from falling objects
• Crushing from rolling cylinders
• Punctures from sharp objects
• Burns or shocks from electrical hazards
• Burns from molten metal or hot surfaces
• Skin contact or burns from chemicals
• Slips and falls on wet or slippery surfaces

OSHA mandates that workers must wear protective footwear in areas where there is a risk of falling or rolling objects, or where sharp objects could pierce the sole. Additionally, protective footwear must comply with ANSI Z41 or equivalent design standards.

The durability and strength of boots largely depend on their materials. Rubber offers a waterproof, high-quality, and sturdy option that’s easy to clean. In contrast, PVC is a lighter, more affordable plastic, though it tends to be stiffer and less durable.

Waterproof footwear is often essential, but it can feel hot and uncomfortable. In some cases, disposable overboots—made of lightweight latex—might be a better choice. These are designed to be worn over regular shoes when working with hazardous materials.

When it comes to toe protection, selecting the right type is crucial for your specific tasks. Steel toes are heavier and thicker, but if a slimmer profile is needed, consider non-metallic alternatives like composite toe boots.

Look for industry-specific boots that provide tailored protections, such as:

• Electrical conduction or insulation to prevent electric shock
• Resistance to acidic, reactive, toxic, or corrosive substances
• Slip resistance for safer footing on slick surfaces

As with any footwear, the fit is critical. No matter the quality, a boot that doesn’t match your foot’s shape won’t work. Things to consider when looking for a boot are:

1. Can you move your toes?
2. Do your heels slip around?
3. Is the lining comfortable?
4. Do you feel the seams when you walk?
5. Does the inside construction offer enough support?
6. Try on with the socks – breathable, moisture-wicking socks are best.
7. Try the left and right boots on at the same time.
8. Try walking, bending, standing in place, and other work-like poses – check for comfort.

When testing the fit, check that:

• Your heel doesn’t come up or rub against the back
• Your toes should have room in front of them during movement
• You don’t feel pain or pressure in the sides
• Your toes shouldn’t slide around too much or hit the top of the boot
• Take your feet out of your boots to check for any red spots where the boot has been rubbing

OSHA’s PPE guide says that the care of protective footwear, as with all protective equipment, should include regular inspections before each use.

This includes looking for cracks or holes, separation of materials, and broken buckles or laces. Check the soles for metal pieces or items that could be embedded and become an electrical or trip hazard.

Workers should always follow the manufacturer’s guidance on maintaining and cleaning foot protection.